Understanding the Functions of Behaviour.

By Jason Brien.

Behaviour is a form of communication. Every behaviour serves a purpose or function, whether we are aware of it or not. Understanding why a behaviour occurs—the function of that behaviour—is essential in supporting positive change and improving wellbeing.

What Are the Functions of Behaviour?

The function of behaviour refers to the reason or purpose behind why someone acts in a certain way. Typically, behaviours serve one or more of the following functions:

1. To Get Attention
   The person may use behaviour to gain attention from others, such as family members, teachers, or peers. This attention can be positive (praise, talking) or negative (reprimands, scolding).
2. To Gain Access to Tangibles or Activities
   Behaviour might be used to obtain something desired, like a toy, food, or a preferred activity.
3. To Escape or Avoid Something
   The behaviour helps the person avoid an unpleasant task, situation, or sensory experience.
4. To Meet Sensory Needs (Automatic Reinforcement)
   Some behaviours provide sensory stimulation or relief that feels good to the individual, independent of other people’s reactions. This might include rocking, humming, or repetitive movements.

Why Understanding Functions Is Important.

Identifying the function behind a behaviour helps us respond effectively and compassionately. Instead of focusing only on stopping the behaviour, we address the underlying need or reason for it. This leads to more meaningful, lasting change.

How Are Functions of Behaviour Identified?

Behaviour Support Practitioners use detailed observations and assessments to determine the function of behaviour. This involves looking at when and where behaviours occur, what happens before (triggers), and what follows (consequences). Sometimes, formal tools and data collection methods are used to gather this information.

Using Function-Based Strategies.

Once the function is understood, support plans can be designed to:

• Teach alternative ways to communicate needs (e.g., asking for help instead of acting out)
• Modify environments to reduce triggers
• Provide appropriate access to desired items or attention in positive ways
• Offer sensory alternatives that meet needs safely
• Develop coping skills to handle difficult situations without distress behaviours

The Bigger Picture.

Behaviour is never random. It always serves a purpose for the person. By focusing on the function of behaviour, we promote empathy, respect, and practical solutions that improve quality of life.Supporting individuals and their environments to meet these needs is the foundation of effective behaviour support.

Final Thoughts.

Understanding the functions of behaviour is a crucial step in creating supportive, personalised strategies that help individuals thrive. If you want to learn more about how function-based support can make a difference, please reach out. We’re here to guide you every step of the way.